The Relationship between Movement Control Order Impact Factors and Construction Project Performance

The Malaysian government's pursuit of the Movement Control Order (MCO) had a severe impact on the performance of the construction project, which was hampered as a result of their actions. It becomes even more difficult when the region around construction projects is defined as a "red zone". This situation affects the performance of construction projects, which is related to project delays, increase in construction costs, waste of construction materials, labourers who have not received any salary, lack of labour, and etc. This paper attempts to investigate the relationship between MCO impact factors and the performance of construction projects in Malaysia. The quantitative technique was applied in this study. The contractors registered under the Construction Development Board (CIDB) in the state of Selangor were chosen as the respondents. In total, 100 respondents participated and gave full support for this study. This relationship was investigated using a correlation analysis technique. The highest impact is the construction cost. The construction costs increased due to the increase in the prices of construction materials and machinery, lack of labours, and additional expenses for COVID-19 precautions. The findings found that the larger the negative impact of MCO's actions during the COVID-19 outbreak on time, cost, and resources, the worse the performance of Malaysian projects will be in general. These factors should be considered by the government before a decision is made. For future research, it is suggested to look at how the regulation can assist the construction stakeholders to ensure the MCO does not have a big impact on the construction projects.

Secondary school students' school-related stressors during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Sabah, Malaysia

IntroductionDue to the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the disruption of education systems worldwide, secondary schools in Malaysia have shifted to online classes to ensure educational continuity. Therefore, it was necessary to investigate the various effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on secondary school students. MethodsA self-reported survey with closed and open-ended questions was used to collect data involving 1,067 secondary school students from eight schools in Sabah, Malaysia. The participants were mostly male (53.4%), with a mean age of 14.8 (SD = 1.64). The study involved students from various levels/grades, including transition class, forms 1-5, lower six, and upper six. ResultsStudents faced a variety of school-related stressors, including academic failure due to a poor online course;general mental health issues;a poor internet connection;a lack of in-person interaction;a SOP restriction;an inability to focus;too many homework assignments;burnout;becoming lazier;home conditions;and financial difficulties. DiscussionThe implications for classroom practice, policy formulation, and future research are examined.

Online University Teaching During COVID-19: The Malaysian Experience

Malaysia, like the rest of the world, was hard hit by SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19. After the first COVID-19 case was detected in Malaysia (on January 25, 2020) and traced back to three Chinese nationals, the country was put under Movement Control Order (MCO), a partial lockdown, initially for two weeks, on 18th March. Among MCO consequences: close major economic sectors and educational institutions. Public universities, which began a new semester under a Ministry of Higher Education ruling, switched to online teaching and learning. This chapter chronicles public university experiences with online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 period. A brief background captures the measures taken by the government;how these steps affected university education is appraised next;and finally, the steps taken by the universities to activate online teaching and learning. What challenges cropped up and how to deal with them are acknowledged before drawing conclusions from the online teaching and learning experiences of Malaysian universities. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.

Challenges Experienced by Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy during the Movement Control Order (Lockdown) in Malaysia: A Qualitative Study

Background and Purpose: Following the global coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and the recent spike in COVID-19 cases in Malaysia, the Malaysian government had imposed a Movement Control Order (MCO) on 16 March 2020 as a measure to curb the outbreak. Consequently, all non-essential affairs were suspended and operated fully on a work-from-home basis, when schools were temporarily closed, and citizens were urged to stay at home. Despite a high number of studies on the negative impacts of MCO to various sectors, there is a little concern noted for the potential impacts on vulnerable populations, including parents with special kids such as cerebral palsy (CP). The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the burdens and difficulties associated with the experience of caring for children with CP during the MCO Methodology: This study was designed as qualitative research. Twenty-six participants were selected using a purposive sampling method to involve in in-depth interviews. They were the parents who joined the Cerebral Palsy Support Group in Terengganu, Malaysia. The interview responses were thematically analyzed using a content analysis method. Findings: Four main themes were revealed from the thematic analysis, namely emotional distress, worry over postponement of therapy and medical consultation, burn out due to work from home, and conditions of the CP children themselves. The findings indicated that both mothers, either working or housewife, experienced depression and deterioration in physical health and psychosocial emotions. Contributions: Interventions in the forms of financial aids, guidance for CP children self-therapy at home, and emotional supports are urgently needed to ensure mothers and their CP children maintain their quality of life despite the MCO.

ESCALATION OF PROJECT COST DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The construction sector is known as a major contributor to the overall development and expansion of the country's economy and any delay in a project may cause a cascading effect on the country's economy. In 2020, most countries have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic that had a significant impact on construction projects resulting in project delays and project cost overruns. This paper identifies factors that influence the project cost escalation due COVID-19 pandemic and studies the escalation of main construction materials. Questionnaires were conducted online to the target respondents who were involved in the construction projects during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research area covers the Klang Valley which is centered in Kuala Lumpur and includes its adjoining cities and towns in the state of Selangor. The findings of this study reveal that the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) imposed by the government has significantly increased the project cost, such as hand sanitizer, face masks and Rapid Test Kit (RTK) provided to the workers. As a result, the contractor companies have suffered in maintaining their finances as they have to continue to pay their workers in full even when the companies are still surviving the epidemic of COVID-19. The findings of this study may assist construction parties as well as government bodies in strategically planning the finances in dealing with a similar pandemic situation in the future. © 2022 ISEC Press.

AS FOOD DELIVERY BUSINESS IS SKYROCKETING, SO IS OUR ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER

This chapter discusses the high adoption of plastic bags/packages by food providers in Malaysia during pandemic that resulted in a long-time lockdown. Under the federal government act of ‘Movement Order Control' (MCO), people had no choice but to order food or purchase food ingredients via online food delivery services. Such situation made the food delivery business instantly one of the top and essential economic contributors. However, this also severely impacted our environment specifically the growing usage of plastic bag, plastic food container, and parcel packaging. While the food delivery company introduces a campaign to reduce and replace the plastic bag/packages, the awareness level is still very low. This chapter highlights the introduction of food delivery business striving in the COVID-19 pandemic, the severity of plastic usage and challenges of sustainability marketing campaign in Malaysia. © 2023 by Emerald Publishing Limited.

THE IMPLICATION OF MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (MCO) TOWARD THE SMALL-SCALE FOOD AND BEVERAGE ACTIVITIES IN JOHOR, MALAYSIA

The implementation of a movement control order (MCO) in Malaysia due to the COVID-19 pandemic has widely affected the majority of small-scale economic activities, including the food and beverage (F&B) sector. This paper aims to analyse the impact of MCO implementation on small-scale F&B activities in Majlis Bandaraya Iskandar Puteri (MBIP), Johor, Malaysia. Descriptive and inferential analyses were employed to analyse the impact of MCO implementation via a questionnaire sampling of 60 small-scale F&B operators across the case study. The research found that the movement restrictions had a massive influence on the economy of most of the businesses, particularly on their income generations. The MCO also obstructed a smooth economic recovery of any business, including the small-scale F&B activities, despite the various initiatives being addressed to minimise the economic impact of pandemic and sustain the business activities and income generations. Hence, a planning approach should be taken to manage the chain impact of a health crisis, such as movement restrictions, in reducing the economic impacts of small-scale F&B activities. © 2022 by MIP.

INITIAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON BUSINESS SURVIVAL AMONG SINGLE MOTHER ENTREPRENEURS: DOES DIGITAL MARKETING MATTER?

Since 2019, the Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has hit the whole world significantly and has been one of the worst nightmares for us. Single mother entrepreneurs have been one of the most affected groups due to COVID-19, and this group's gradual implementation of technology is called for. This article aims to determine the pandemic's implications for SMPs and whether they have taken any new strategies or changes for the survival of their business. Adopting a qualitative research approach, an open group discussion has been conducted at Padang Jawa, Klang. A total of seven SMPs have been interviewed. The COVID-19 Movement Control Order (MCO) impacts on single mother entrepreneurs and strategies have been divided into two sections: the entrepreneur's perspective on COVID-19 and their current view and approach to facing the pandemic. © School of Engineering, Taylor's University.

THE IMPACT OF THE MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (MCO) ON TYPE OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES IN MUAR TOWN, JOHOR

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed human nature. The Malaysian government declared the Movement Control Order as a measure to control the spread of COVID-19 with various restrictions. The Movement Control Order has affected daily routines as well as commercial activities. Therefore, the study will focus on the impact of movement control orders during the COVID-19 pandemic on the operations, supply of materials and products, as well as finances of commercial activities at a district level. The town of Muar, Johor, has been identified as the commercial area for this study. The data collection was accomplished by a questionnaire survey and by using convenience sampling with 100 respondents answering the questionnaire. A cross-table analysis and a Pearson's chi-squared test analysis were used to examine the Movement Control Order‘s implications on commercial activities' operations, supply of materials and products, and finances. The findings indicated that the Movement Control Order had a substantial impact on commercial activities. The study concluded that cash flow for survival needs critical attention due to this unprecedented outbreak, which led to the economic downturn. It is recommended that the government offer training courses on digital marketing and e-commerce to boost commercial activities as part of a new business strategy and financial management plan, particularly for new businesses at the district level. © 2022 by MIP.

Dietary habit, physical activity and perceived barriers during movement control order among undergraduate students in Puncak Alam, Selangor

The emergence of COVID-19 had affected people in terms of their physical activity and nutritional changes which may increase the risk of various non-communicable diseases (NCD) among them. This study aimed to identify the physical activity level, nutritional changes, and perceived barriers to engage physical activity among students of UiTM Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus during the Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia. A total of 234 students aged 18-24 years old were chosen to participate in this study by using convenience sampling. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA), and adapted questionnaire from the Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia were used in this study. Findings reveal that students were able to engage in physical activity level during the pandemic period which required them to be quarantined. Moreover, there was an increase in the frequency of healthy eating behaviour as well as unhealthy eating behaviour during MCO.Copyright © 2023 The Authors.

Anxiety and Depression among University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study

Mental health issues have become a growing public health concern around the world, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic and the MCO. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of anxiety and depression as well as to compare the anxiety and depression scores among the final-year undergraduate Health Sciences and Accountancy students at the UiTM during the MCO. Final-year students from the faculties of health sciences and accountancy have been given a set of study questions. Students were instructed to complete all questions using the Google Form. Out of 177 students who participated in the study, 52 (48.6%) Health Sciences students suffered from anxiety, and 25 (23.3%) suffered from depression. Meanwhile, 29 (41.4%) of accountancy students were anxious, and 15 (21.4%) were depressed. At UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor, more than one third of the Accountancy and Health Sciences students were vulnerable to anxiety and sadness during the MCO. The findings also revealed that the mean anxiety score is significantly different between two-course groups (Health Sciences and Accountancy) students, t(170.78)=2.021, (p=0.02). This study provides authorities with information about university students' mental health, particularly during the MCO, in order to facilitate further research and useful information. © 2023,Asian Journal of University Education. All Rights Reserved.

ECOTOURISM ACTIVITIES, HOMESTAY RECOVERY PLAN AND STRATEGY INDICATORS IN POST COVID-19 KUNDASANG, SABAH, MALAYSIA

The purpose of this article is to discuss strategies and recovery plans for community-based ecotourism and homestays following the Covid-19 pandemic Movement Control Order (MCO), particularly in Kampung Mesilou, Kundasang, Sabah. The spread of the Covid-19 virus has had a significant impact, particularly on the tourism industry in Malaysia and, more specifically, on the ecotourism sector in the state of Sabah. The implementation of MCO in Malaysia, which aims to restrict population movement, has had a negative impact on the tourism sector, as all of them were ordered to halt operations completely. As a result, the question of the strategies and recovery plans implemented by ecotourism and homestay operators to restore the ecotourism sector, particularly in Kampung Mesilou, arises. Therefore, the main research approach in this study is qualitative and based on primary data. The primary data used were the results of in-field informant interviews, which were supplemented by secondary data from journal articles. The study's findings revealed that after the government announced the relaxation of the MCO, the communities in the area took the initiative to re-promote their ecotourism activities widely through social media, etc. One of the entrepreneurs' strategies for attracting tourists in their shorter and medium plans is the addition of new ecotourism products and the improvement of the quality of homestay facilities recently. © 2022 by MIP.

Lockdown: The Impact on Management of Glaucoma in a Suburban Tertiary Centre in Malaysia.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic brought the world to a standstill in 2020. Many countries have imposed lockdowns, known as the movement-control order (MCO) in Malaysia, to prevent transmission of the disease. AIM: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the MCO on the management of glaucoma patients in a suburban tertiary hospital. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 194 glaucoma patients between June 2020 and August 2020 in the glaucoma clinic at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. We evaluated the patients' treatment, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, and potential signs of progression. We compared the results with those of their last clinic visits prior to the MCO. RESULTS: We studied 94 (48.5%) male and 100 (51.5%) female glaucoma patients with a mean age of 65 ± 13.7. The mean duration between pre-MCO and post-MCO follow-up was 26.4 ± 6.7 weeks. There was a significant increase in the number of patients with deterioration of visual acuity, and one patient lost his vision after the MCO. There was also a significant elevation of the mean IOP of the right eye: pre-MCO, 16.7 ± 7.8 mmHg, compared to post-MCO, 17.7 ± 8.8 mmHg (p = 0.027). The cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) for the right eye increased significantly from pre-MCO, 0.72 ± 0.18, to 0.74 ± 0.19 post-MCO (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant changes in IOP or CDR in the left eye. Twenty-four patients (12.4%) missed medications during the MCO period, and 35 patients (18%) required additional topical medications due to the progression of the disease. Only one patient (0.5%) required admission due to uncontrolled IOP. CONCLUSION: Lockdown, as a preventive step in the COVID-19 pandemic, indirectly caused the progression of glaucoma and uncontrolled IOP.

The Changing Trend of Paediatric Emergency Department Visits in Malaysia Following the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the emergency department (ED) due to the surge in medical demand and changes in the characteristics of paediatric visits. Additionally, the trend for paediatric ED visits has decreased globally, secondary to implementing lockdowns to stop the spread of COVID-19. We aim to study the trend and characteristics of paediatric ED visits following Malaysia's primary timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and materials A five-year time series observational study of paediatric ED patients from two tertiary hospitals in Malaysia was conducted from March 17, 2017 (week 11 2017) to March 17, 2022 (week 12 2022). Aggregated weekly data were analysed using R statistical software version 4.2.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) against significant events during the COVID-19 pandemic to detect influential changepoints in the trend. The data collected were the number of ED visits, triage severity, visit outcomes and ED discharge diagnosis. Results Overall, 175,737 paediatric ED visits were recorded with a median age of three years and predominantly males (56.8%). A 57.57% (p<0.00) reduction in the average weekly ED visits was observed during the Movement Control Order (MCO) period. Despite the increase in the proportion of urgent (odds ratio (OR): 1.23, p<0.00) and emergent or life-threatening (OR: 1.79, p<0.00) cases, the proportion of admissions decreased. Whilst the changepoints during the MCO indicated a rise in respiratory, fever or other infectious diseases, or gastrointestinal conditions, diagnosis of complications originating from the perinatal period declined from July 19, 2021 (week 29 2021). Conclusion The incongruent change in disease severity and hospital admission reflects the potential effects of the healthcare system reform and socioeconomic impact as the pandemic evolves. Future studies on parental motivation to seek emergency medical attention may provide insight into the timing and choice of healthcare service utilisation.

An Investigation on the Online Learning Engagement of Malaysian Secondary School Students from Different School Types

This study explored the perceptions of students from different types of schools in Malaysia towards their online learning engagement during COVID-19's movement control order using Fredricks et al.'s framework of behavioural, cognitive, and emotional engagement. In addition to these variables, external support provided to the students was also considered. To this end, a questionnaire that examined the students' general online practices and online learning engagement was administered. Seven hundred sixty-eight students from four different types of secondary schools (national, Chinese, international, and high performing schools) responded to the questionnaire. The findings from the ANOVA analysis indicated that generally the respondents demonstrated positive online learning practices. However, the amount of time spent interacting with teachers online should be much improved. The findings also indicated significant differences in perceptions towards online learning engagement and external support based on school types.

Malaysian Enhanced Movement Control Order (EMCO): a unique and impactful approach to combating pandemic COVID-19

Purpose - The paper highlights the process-handling during the Enhanced Movement Control Order (EMCO) in combating pandemic COVID-19 in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach - Malaysia first issued an EMCO following a cluster that involved a religious gathering. The EMCO was issued to lockdown the area, undertake screening, treat positive cases and quarantine their close contacts. Active case detection and mass sampling were the main activities involving the population in both zones. Findings - One hundred ninety-three confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified from the total population of 2,599. Of these cases, 99.5% were Malaysians, 31.7% were aged >60 years and all four deaths (Case Fatality Rate, 2.1%) were elderly people with comorbidities. One hundred and one cases (52.3%) were asymptomatic, of which 77 (77%) were detected during mass sampling. The risk factors contributing to the outbreak were contacts that had attended the religious gathering, regular mosque congregants, wedding ceremony attendees and close household contacts. Malaysia implemented an effective measure in the form of the EMCO to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, where the last cases were reported 16 days before the EMCO was lifted. Originality/value - The residents' compliance and inter-agency cooperation were essential elements to the success of the EMCO. A targeted approach using an EMCO should be implemented in a future pandemic.

The Socio-Economic Impacts of Movement Control Order on Rural Households during Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia

From the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 until now, the Malaysian government has implemented various steps in curbing the spread of the virus in order to reduce the infection risk in all regions as well as among rural communities. The implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) by the government;designed to control intra- and inter-state and/or district movements and travels has been accepted and accustomed as the new norm in curbing the transmission of infection. This is especially among the vulnerable community groups i.e., elderly people and people with chronic diseases. Although MCO is crucial to curb the virus, this restriction of movement has also inhibited the activities of many important economic sectors especially on transportation of goods and other services. With a consideration that there is a dearth of studies, specifically about the impact of COVID-19 on the socioeconomic condition of the rural communities in specific context;a comprehensive study has been conducted involving 39 selected rural settlements for the whole Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 504 respondents/head of households had participated in the questionnaire survey. Research findings have shown the majority of respondents experienced socioeconomic impacts from MCO and the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly between 50% to 75% income reductions. This is contributed by two main factors: the MCO which hindered them to go out for work and carry out business activities as well as declining sales of produce or livestock. The research findings also reveal that 15% to 25% of the rural communities experienced food supply disruption. This is categorised as low to moderate level. It is important to note that since majority of the respondents are having low income, they are highly vulnerable to this volatile situation. Outcomes of this research could offer meaningful information regarding the current socioeconomic condition of rural communities in relation to the MCO and prolongation of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the way forward, there should be a more inclusive Build Back Better (BBB) strategies for creating a future more resilient rural community to pandemic.

Modality in the Movement Control Order (MCO) Speech Texts to Curb the Spread of COVID-19 in Malaysia

Speech is a form of language involving the delivery of information that enhances social interactions. Certain modalities are used to characterize these social relationships. Therefore, this study aims to identify the modalities employed by Malaysia's Prime Minister in the Movement Control Order (MCO) speech text and to describe the social interactions attempted to be established based on the usage of these modalities. Eight speech texts are downloaded from the official website of the Prime Minister's Office (https://www.pmo.gov. my/speech/). Qualitative and quantitative approaches are applied alongside Fairclough's (2013) critical discourse analysis theory. The results of the study revealed that there are ten types of modalities used, namely the modality 'boleh', 'dapat', nak', 'mesti', 'mungkin', 'perlu', 'ingin', 'hendak', 'pasti'dan 'mahu'. The speaker's modalities are utilised for two different purposes, namely to give commands and convey information. In comparison, the informative modality is more often utilised than the command modality. The informative modalities usage has proven that the speaker tends to build social relationships that are relaxed in nature with listeners. On the other hand, the command modality usage has hinted that the speaker also builds a formal and serious social relationship with the listeners when proposing his requests. This study not only examines the aspects of language alone but also explores how political organisations manage language in speech texts to convey information when a country is experiencing a global health emergency.

The Pattern of Non-Covid-19 Paediatric Admissions in Malaysia Teaching Hospitals: Before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic with Movement Control Order

To study the characteristics of paediatric patients admitted to two non-COVID-19 teaching hospitals before and during the implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia. The retrospective study was performed in two phases (before MCO between February to March 2020, and during MCO lockdown between March to April 2020) in two teaching hospitals on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Hospitalized children <18 years were included and those coming for elective procedures or oncology treatment were excluded. The clinical data were retrieved from both hospitals' admission records. There was a total of 496 and 191 admissions to two teaching hospitals on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, respectively. A significant reduction in the number of non-COVID-19 hospital admissions was seen in both hospitals. For Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, the daily hospital admissions were reduced with a mean of 10 (before MCO) to 7 (during MCO) admissions/day (95% CI 1.54,7.54, p=0.001). In Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre, a reduction in hospital admission was seen from 5 (before MCO) to 3 (during MCO) admissions/day (95% CI 0.61, 3.15, p=0.005). Our study observed a general drop in non-COVID-related respiratory illnesses and infectious disease cases during the MCO period. There were significant differences in neurological (p=0.029) and accident (p = 0.001) cases admissions observed between the two periods. Copyright © 2022, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. All rights reserved.

What People Post During the Movement Control Order (MCO): A Content Analysis of Intagram's Top Posts

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the year 2020 led the government of Malaysia to impose the Movement Control Order (MCO) to limit the spread of the virus, which resulted in people becoming heavily reliant on social media as a means of communication and expression of thought. Analysing the trends and sentiments of popular content posted on social media can provide insight into the market for marketers to plan and execute their social media strategies and marketing communication campaigns. Using qualitative content analysis (QCA), this research aims to identify the overall image content and caption sentiments reflected in the top Instagram posts posted during the first MCO, from the middle of March to June of the year 2020. A total of 200 posts were collected on Instagram and were filtered with the hashtags ‘#mco' and ‘#cmco'. The content of the posts was categorised into food, gadgets, captioned photos, pets, activities, selfies, fashion, landscapes, portraits, and videos;while the sentiments of the posts were categorised into narratives of fear, fun, sadness, responsibility, and encouragement. The results show that portraits and narratives of fun were dominant during the first MCO, suggesting that positive and portrait-centric posts on social media are preferred over other types during a crisis, which might provide valuable insight for businesses to design their social media strategies. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.